What is Dementia?

Dementia is not a specific disease but an overall term that describes a group of symptoms associated with a decline in memory, reasoning, or other thinking skills. Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia, accounting for 60-80% of cases. Other types include Vascular Dementia, Lewy Body Dementia, and Frontotemporal Dementia.

Common Symptoms

• Memory loss that disrupts daily life.
• Challenges in planning or solving problems.
• Difficulty completing familiar tasks.
• Confusion with time or place.
• Trouble understanding visual images and spatial relationships.
• New problems with words in speaking or writing.
• Misplacing things and losing the ability to retrace steps.
• Decreased or poor judgment.
• Withdrawal from work or social activities.
• Changes in mood and personality.

Diagnosis and Management

• Diagnosis: Involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, cognitive and neuropsychological tests, laboratory tests, and brain imaging (MRI, CT, PET scans).
• Treatment: While most types of dementia are incurable, treatments can manage symptoms. Medications can help with memory symptoms and other cognitive changes. Therapies can address behavioral and psychological symptoms.
• Supportive Care: Focuses on maintaining quality of life, safety, and independence for as long as possible. This includes creating a safe environment, managing comorbidities, and providing support for caregivers.

When to See a Neurologist

If you or a loved one is experiencing memory problems or other cognitive changes that are concerning, consult a neurologist. Early diagnosis allows for better management, access to treatments, and planning for the future.